Impacts of Shape Assumptions on Z–R Relationship and Satellite Remote Sensing Clouds Based on Model Simulations and GPM Observations

In this study, the spherical particle model and ten nonspherical models describing scattering properties of snow are evaluated for potential use in precipitation estimation from spaceborne dual-frequency radar. The single particles computed using discrete dipole approximation (DDA), while those determined Mie theory. profiles WRF output then input to a forward radiative transfer simulate radar reflectivity at Ka-band Ku-band. results validated with Global Precipitation Mission Dual-Frequency Radar measurements. Greater consistency between simulated observed is obtained when sector- dendrite-shape assumptions. For case spherical-shape assumption, underestimates error cloud’s top by about 300 m area 15%. As snowflake shapes change temperature, we range −40 °C −5 define three temperature layers. relationships (Z) rate (R) fitted separately layers, resulting Z=134.59·R1.184 (sector) Z=127.35·R1.221 (dendrite) below °C.